Jaipongan is a kind of traditional social dance of Sundanese people of West Java, which is very popular in Indonesia. This dance was created by an artist from Bandung, Gugum Gumbira, circa 1960s, with the aim to create a type of music and social dances were excavated from the wealth of folk art traditions of the archipelago, particularly in West Java. Although the art of dance including a relatively new creation, jaipongan developed based on folk arts that have been developed previously, such as Tap Tilu, Kliningan, and Ronggeng. Attention Gumbira in folk art, one of which is Tap Tilu make Perbendaharan know and know well the patterns dance traditions exist in Kliningan / Bajidoran or Tap Tilu. Movements openings, pencugan, nibakeun and several varieties of motion of several arts mincid an inspiration to develop the arts jaipongan.
Prior to this emerging form of performance art, there are some influences behind the formation of this social dance. In urban areas Priangan for example, the elite of society, social dance influenced dance Ball Room of the West. While the folk arts, social dance influenced by local traditions. Performing traditional social dances could not be separated from the existence ronggeng and pamogoran. Ronggeng in social dance is no longer working for the ceremony, but for entertainment or a way to get along. Ronggeng existence in the performing arts has an appeal that invites sympathy for the pamogoran. For example in Tilu Tap dance is so well known by the Sundanese people, estimated this art popular around the year 1916 As folk performing arts, art is only supported by simple elements, such as waditra which includes fiddle, drums, kulanter two, three tap , and gongs. Similarly, the dance movements that do not have a standard pattern of motion, a simple costume dancer as a reflection of democracy.
Along with the waning type of art above, the former pamogoran (audience who played an active role in the performing arts Tap Tilu / Doger / Tayub) switch Kliningan attention on the performing arts, which is in the north coast of West Java (Karawang, Bekasi, Purwakarta, Indramayu, and Subang ) known as Kliningan Bajidoran the dance patterns and events of the show has some similarities with the previous art (Tap Tilu / Doger / Tayub). In the meantime, the existence of dance in mask Banjet quite popular, especially in Karachi, where some motion patterns Bajidoran taken from this Banjet dance in mask. In choreographic dance is still reveals patterns tradition (Tap Tilu) that contains elements of the motions of the openings, pencugan, and several varieties of motion nibakeun mincid which in turn became the basis of the creation of dance Jaipongan. Some basic motions other than Tap dance Jaipongan Tilu, Ibing Bajidor and mask Banjet is Tayuban and Pencak Silat.
This dance became known widely since the 1970s. The emergence of dance works Gugum Gumbira initially called Tap Tilu development, that is because it is a basic dance from Tap Tilu development. The first work Gugum Gumbira still very thick with color ibing Tilu Tap, both in terms of choreography and accompaniment, which then dance it became popularly known as Jaipongan.
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